Gastroenterology
History 
Galen
Drawings of Bozzini's Lichtleiter 1
Drawings of Bozzini's Lichtleiter 2
Citing from Egyptian papyri, Nunn identified significant knowledge of gastrointestinal diseases among practising doctors in Pharaoh periods. Irynakhty, of the tenth dynasty c. 2125 BC was a court physician specialising in gastroenterology and proctology.[1]
Among ancient Greeks, Hippocrates attributed digestion to concoction. Galen's concept of the stomach having four faculties was widely accepted up to modernity.
18th century:
- Italian Lazzaro Spallanzani (1729–99) was among early physicians to disregard Galen's theories, and in 1780 he gave experimental proof on the action of gastric juice on foodstuffs.
- In 1767, German Johann Zimmermann wrote an important work on dysentery.
- In 1777 Maximilian de Stoll of Vienna described cancer of the gallbladder.[2][3]
19th century:
- In 1805 Philip Bozzini made first attempt to observe living human body through a tube he named Lichtleiter (light guiding instrument) to examine the urinary tract, the rectum and the pharynx. This is the earliest description of endoscopy.[4][5]
- Charles Emile Troisier described enlargement of lymph node in abdominal cancer.[6]
- In 1868 Adolf Kussmaul, a well known German physician, developed the gastroscope. He perfected the technique on sword swallower.
- In 1871, at the society of physicians in Vienna, Carl Stoerk demonstrated an esophagoscope made of two telescopic metal tubes, initially devised by Waldenburg in 1870.
- In 1876 Karl Wilhelm von Kupffer described the properties of some liver cells now called Kupffer cell.
- In 1884 Kronecker and Meltzern studied oesophageal manometry in man.
20th century:
- Rudolph Schindler described many important diseases involving digestive system during World War I in his illustrated textbook and is portrayed by some as the "father of gastroscopy". He and Wolf developed a semiflexible gastroscope in 1932.
- In 1932 Burrill Bernard Crohn described Crohn's disease.
- In 1957 Basil Hirschowitz introduced the first prototype fibreoptic gastroscope.
In 2005 Barry Marshall and Robin Warren of Australia were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their discovery of Helicobacter pylori (1982/1983) and its role in peptic ulcer disease.
Disease classification
1. International Classification of Disease(ICD 2007)/WHO classification:
- Chapter XI,Diseases of the digestive system,(K00-K93)[3]
2. MeSH Medical Subject Headings) subject Heading:
- Gastroenterology (G02.403.776.409.405)[4]
- Gastroenterological diseases(C06.405)[5]
3.National Library of Medicine Catalogue(NLM classification 2006):
- Digestive system(W1)[6]
Gastroenterological societies
References
- 01. Nunn JF. Ancient Egyptian Medicine. 2002. ISBN 0-80613-504-2.
- 02. Edgardo Rivera, MD James L. Abbruzzese, MD; Pancreatic, Hepatic, and Biliary Carcinomas, MEDICAL ONCOLOGY: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW[1]
- 03. DeStoll M: Rationis Mendendi, in Nosocomio Practico vendobonensi. Part 1 Lugduni Batavarum, Haak et Socios et A et J Honkoop 1788, OCLC: 23625746
- 04. Gilger, Mark A. MD,Gastroenterologic endoscopy in children: past, present, and future. Gastroenterology and nutrition Current Opinion in Pediatrics. 13(5):429-434, October 2001.
- 05. The Origin of Endoscopes, Olympus history
- 06. Anton Sebastian, A Dictionary of the History of Medicine, ISBN 1850700214
Publications
Open access to full text
BMC
Gastroenterology
Internet
journal of gastroenterology
World journal of Gastro
Enterology
Medscape
gastroenterology
Gastroenterology
and endoscopy news
Indian
Journal of Gastroenterology
Arquivos
de Gastroenterologia(Portuguese, English)
Revista
Espanola de Enfermedades Digestivas(Spanish, English)
Comparative Hepatology (From
Biomed Central)
Hepatitis Monthly
JOP Journal of the Pancreas
Open access to abstract and some full text
American Journal Of Gastroenterology
The Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology
Gut
Gastroenterology
Journal of Gastroenterology
Best practice and research: Clinical gastroenterology
Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Current Opinion in Gastroenterology
European Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology(Official Journal of the European Association for Gastroenterology and Endoscopy)
Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
Nature Clinical Practice
Information for patients Practice guidelines
Gastroclub patient support
patientplus from patient UK
first principle in gastroenterology
Patient information from american college of gastroenterology
Patient guide from NLH
Gut and liver disease support group
American liver foundation
Canadian society of intestinal research
Canadian Digestive Health Foundation
Practice Guidelines
- Medscape practice guidelines
- British society of gastroenterology
- Washington university guideline for primary care provider
- PRODIGY Guideline
- World Gastroenterology Organisation guideline
- Canadian Association of Gastroenterology
Related links
Virtual Gastro Centre
On-Line Gastroenterology Journal Club (via
JournalReview.org)
GastroHep.com - Gastrohep
The Digital Atlas of Video Education - Gastroenterology
v • d • e Health science - Medicine - Gastroenterology (primarily K)
Esophagus: Halitosis - Nausea - Vomiting - Heartburn - GERD - Achalasia - Esophageal cancer - Esophageal varices
Stomach: Peptic ulcer - Abdominal pain - Stomach cancer - Non-ulcer dyspepsia - Gastroparesis - Abdominal angina - Malabsorption (e.g. celiac disease, giardiasis) - Pyloric stenosis
Small intestine: Peptic ulcer - Intussusception - Malabsorption (e.g. coeliac, lactose intolerance, fructose malabsorption, Whipple's) - Lymphoma
Colon: Diarrhea - Appendicitis - Diverticulitis - Diverticulosis - IBD (Crohn's Disease, Ulcerative colitis) - IBS - Constipation - Colorectal cancer - Hirschsprung's - Pseudomembranous colitis
Hernia: Inguinal - Femoral - Umbilical - Incisional - Diaphragmatic
Liver: Alcoholic liver disease - Hepatitis - Liver failure - Cirrhosis - NASH - PBC - Budd-Chiari - Hepatocellular carcinoma
Accessory digestive:
Gallbladder/Biliary tree (Gallstones, Cholecystitis, PSC, Ascending
cholangitis) -Pancreas: (Acute pancreatitis, Chronic pancreatitis, Pancreatic pseudocyst,
Hereditary pancreatitis, Pancreatic cancer)
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Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastroenterology"
This page was last modified 13:40, 22 April 2007. All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License.
To view information on other digestive disease, click on Digestive Diseases Library.
